Cantilever measurements of surface stress, surface reconstruction, film stress and magnetoelastic stress of monolayers
نویسندگان
چکیده
We review the application of cantilever-based stress measurements in surface science and magnetism. The application of thin (thickness appr. 0.1 mm) single crystalline substrates as cantilevers has been used successfully to measure adsorbate-induced surface stress changes, lattice misfit induced film stress, and magneto-elastic stress of ferromagnetic monolayers. Surface stress changes as small as 0.01 N/m can be readily measured, and this translates into a sensitivity for adsorbate-coverage well below 0.01 of one layer. Stress as large as several GPa, beyond the elasticity limits of high strength materials, is measured, and it is ascribed to the lattice misfit between film and substrate. Our results point at the intimate relation between surface stress and surface reconstruction, stress-induced structural changes in epitaxially strained films, and strain-induced modifications of the magneto-elastic coupling in ferromagnetic monolayers.
منابع مشابه
Surface stress, kinetics, and structure of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers.
The surface stress induced during the formation of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold from the vapor phase was measured using a micromechanical cantilever-based chemical sensor. Simultaneous in situ thickness measurements were carried out using ellipsometry. Ex situ scanning tunneling microscopy was performed in air to ascertain the final monolayer structure. The evolution of ...
متن کاملEffect of surface stress on the stiffness of cantilever plates.
Measurements over the past 30 years have indicated that surface stress can significantly affect the stiffness of microcantilever plates. Several one-dimensional models based on beam theory have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, but are found to be in violation of Newton's third law, in spite of their good agreement with measurements. In this Letter, we review this work and rigorously ex...
متن کاملChanges in surface stress at the liquid/solid interface measured with a microcantilever
The bending of microfabricated silicon nitride cantilevers was used to determine surface stress changes at solid–liquid interfaces. The radius of curvature of the bent cantilever is directly proportional to changes in the differential surface stress between its opposite sides. To demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of the technique, cantilevers coated on both sides with gold and dense...
متن کاملCantilever-based sensing: the origin of surface stress and optimization strategies.
Many interactions drive the adsorption of molecules on surfaces, all of which can result in a measurable change in surface stress. This article compares the contributions of various possible interactions to the overall induced surface stress for cantilever-based sensing applications. The surface stress resulting from adsorption-induced changes in the electronic density of the underlying surface...
متن کاملSurface stress induced deflections of cantilever plates with applications to the atomic force microscope: Rectangular plates
Surface stress is a material property that underpins many physical processes, such as the formation of self-assembled monolayers and the deposition of metal coatings. Due to its extreme sensitivity, atomic force microscopy ~AFM! has recently emerged as an important tool in the measurement of surface stress. Fundamental to this application is theoretical knowledge of the effects of surface stres...
متن کامل